russia through the hidden eye 3

Lalas

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24.04.2024

Russia's Technological Sovereignty: Stress Test Reveals the Most Promising Areas for the Development of Neurotechnologies in UAV Systems



Last weekend was marked by a big event for the domestic market of Neuronet. In the city of Dolgoprudny near Moscow, leading representatives of the industry gathered to personally test neuroheadsets, analyze the methods of stress resistance of pilots of unmanned aircraft systems, as well as discuss key issues during the business program.

The Stress Test technology competition was held on April 20–21 at the Technopark of the Pyotr Kapitsa Phystech Lyceum, the largest technopark in the country. It was possible to participate in the event both in person and online.

Experts and guests present at the event in person were able to test the hardware and software complex for training operators of ground control facilities for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The UAV control system included a neuroheadset.

"All test results will be recorded, including the neurodynamics of each participant. In the future, experts will prepare detailed analytics based on them, which will be useful in the development of accelerated training courses for operators of unmanned aircraft systems, as well as a number of other neurotechnologies. This analytics, as well as the exchange of experience and opinions within the walls of this event, are designed to support all areas of the domestic neuroindustry," said Ivan Biryukov, Head of the Infrastructure Center for NeuroNet 3.0, General Director of ANO Technologies of Opportunities.




The "stress test" was accompanied by an extensive business program. The agenda included the development and prospects of the NeuroNet market. In particular, neurodiagnostics projects in the field of training UAV operators, education, and marketing were discussed.

"At the first meeting of the NeuroNet headquarters last year, Dmitry Peskov, Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for Digital Development, outlined two key tasks for our infrastructure center. This is the neurorehabilitation of people with disabilities, including participants in the special military operation, and the introduction of solutions based on neurotechnologies in the management of UAV devices. To accomplish these tasks, we need close collaboration with a number of related industries and related technologies. In fact, this is why we are here," said Dmitry Lapin, PhD in Sociology, Head of the Department for the Organization of Project Activities of the ANO "Technologies of Opportunities".

The expert spoke about the key areas of work of the NeuroNet 3.0 infrastructure center and conducted a public review of the market.

According to Dmitry Lapin, the most popular solutions based on neurotechnologies today are neuroassistants. This is due to the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence. They are used in modern drone control technologies. Another popular area is neurocommunications and marketing.

"The possibilities of neurotechnology in marketing allow us to achieve more. Unique knowledge of the real emotions, states and reactions of the consumer will help to improve the product and increase sales. For marketing agencies, this is an opportunity to give customers better analytics. For educational and scientific organizations – to improve the quality of training courses and involve students in project work. And for each member of the network of neurolaboratories based on the Neurobarometer hardware and software complex, this is an opportunity to conduct network research throughout Russia and provide in-demand commercial services using world-class equipment," said Dmitry Orlov, PhD in Sociology, Deputy Executive Director of Neurotrend JSC.

Today, the market is showing unprecedented growth in the field of NeuroNet and in terms of development is ahead of all the forecasts of experts several years ago, according to which by 2025 the global exposure of neurotechnologies will reach $552.9 billion. But thanks to breakthrough solutions in the development of neural assistants, this figure will be much higher.




This state of affairs also applies to Russia, where the total volume of the neurotechnology market is expected to reach 346.1 billion rubles by next year. However, based on the latest data, this figure is clearly underestimated.

There are more than 1,600 companies working on NeuroNet projects in the country, mainly micro-enterprises that develop neurotechnologies within the framework of artificial intelligence. In total, more than 4,000 projects have been launched in this area, of which more than 500 have received support totaling 10 billion rubles.

This clearly demonstrates that the NeuroNet market has not only broad prospects, but also enjoys special attention and support from the state. However, working on projects in this industry has its own specifics and difficulties.

"First of all, you need to prove that you understand the market and can sell something to someone. This requires the support of specialized expert communities. If you want to try your hand at the field of neurotechnology, then find such communities and join them, or create your own. This will allow you to communicate with professionals in their language, as well as understand the future prospects of your development," said Dmitry Orlov.

Leading developers of solutions based on neurotechnologies also spoke about their projects. For example, Galina Ershova, Director for Educational Projects at Neurotrend Group, shared the specifics of working on the NeuroChat communication system, one of the first Russian projects in the field of NeuroNet, supported as part of the National Technology Initiative.

It is a communication system that makes it possible for people who cannot speak and move to communicate networked. It demonstrates high efficiency in the rehabilitation of people with diagnoses such as cerebral palsy, ALS, stroke, multiple sclerosis and various neurotraumas. NeuroChat literally allows completely paralyzed patients to communicate with their families, medical staff, friends and the whole world.

And the neurotraining system within the framework of the same project helps to develop and train human cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, reaction speed, etc., by analyzing the electrophysiological parameters of the brain.

Vladimir Kozlov, CEO of Persona LLC, spoke about the unique capabilities of neurotests. Since 2009, he has led more than 14,500,000 such tests, as well as more than 72,500 in-depth interviews.

According to the speaker, it is neurotechnologies that make it possible to identify talents at the early stages of development – in childhood.

"We really want every 12-year-old child to know exactly what he is best at, what he is most talented at. And our solutions today allow us to do this," Vladimir Kozlov explained.




In addition to the business program and testing of the neuroheadset, the participants of the "Stress Test" were able to attend master classes on neuroprofiling and even learn how to manage the resource states of the brain. Russian writer and radio host Dmitry Konanykhin gave a lecture especially for the guests of the event, who spoke about domestic achievements in science and technology.

The program also included a tour of the Technopark.

The Stress Test Technology Competition was organized by ANO Technologies of Opportunities (Neuronet 3.0 Infrastructure Center). The event was attended by representatives of the neurotechnology market, including government agencies, social entrepreneurs, volunteer communities, socially-oriented NGOs, as well as scientific communities.

The key goal of the program is interaction and exchange of experience, as well as popularization of all areas of the NeuroNet Roadmap of the National Technology Initiative and increasing the number of professional communities in all segments of the Roadmap."

**
"At the first meeting of the NeuroNet headquarters last year, Dmitry Peskov, Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for Digital Development, outlined two key tasks for our infrastructure center. This is the neurorehabilitation of people with disabilities, including participants in the special military operation, and the introduction of solutions based on neurotechnologies in the management of UAV devices.
The Neuronet Roadmap was approved by Protocol No. 1 of 02/28/2022 by absentee voting of the members of the Presidium of the Government Commission for Economic Modernization and Innovative Development of Russia.
 
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Lalas

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Tatyana Golikova greeted the participants of the thematic day "Modern Technologies for Preserving Health" at the exhibition "Russia"

16 May 2024

On 16 May, as part of the Russia International Exhibition and Forum at VDNH, the thematic day "Modern Technologies for Health Care" is held as part of the Technology Leadership Week. Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova addressed the participants with a video greeting.

Dear colleagues!

I welcome you to the National Priority Day dedicated to the project of technological sovereignty for the development of new technologies for preserving health, the development of which is being carried out on behalf of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin.

Today's event brought together leading scientists in various areas of medical science, creative teams, students and representatives of the largest manufacturers of pharmaceutical and medical products in our country. And we have something to tell.

Demographic trends in recent years have created new challenges for healthcare. The increase in life expectancy has become an incentive for the development of advanced areas of medical science, without which it is impossible to achieve the national goal set by the President in the decree of May 7 – preserving the population and strengthening its health.

The national project "New Technologies for Health Care" is aimed at solving this problem, and today's discussion at the site of the exhibition "Russia" will allow you to get acquainted with its main provisions in more detail. This project will bring together and coordinate all types of research and development in medicine.

We are already seeing in practice the achievements that have been introduced into clinical practice. Biotechnology has become an important element of healthcare today and in the future.

Thanks to them, we have every opportunity to increase life expectancy and quality of life. About 20 years ago, IVF was considered something unique and inaccessible. Today, over 50 thousand women are covered by such procedures.

The first drug for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis, new tissue engineering products for the restoration of cartilage tissue, modern bionic prostheses, new heart valves and vascular prostheses are just some examples of the results that we have been able to achieve.

Over the past few years, the country has created technologies and products of a global level, and has developed its own competencies. And within the framework of the national project, we will focus our efforts on breakthrough technologies, which were reported to the President of our country at the Forum of Future Technologies in February this year. This includes the introduction of original and high-tech drugs, innovative medical devices, and new cell products used in regenerative medicine into clinical practice.

We will support biomedical technologies that prevent cell aging, neurotechnologies and other areas to ensure longevity.

A special emphasis is placed on remote health monitoring and the development of artificial intelligence in healthcare.

We will also give priority to the development of radiopharmaceuticals, theranostics (a combination of diagnosis and treatment) in oncology, as well as the expansion of the use of such drugs for the diagnosis of cardiovascular, neurological, endocrinological and a number of other diseases.

Let's not forget about prevention methods, the introduction of individual nutrition programs. This is not only a system of healthy nutrition, but also the correction of the deficiency of certain trace elements, vitamins and enzymes.

Particular attention in the project is aimed at creating breakthrough technologies in interdisciplinary interaction with colleagues - biologists, chemists, bioinformatics, physicists and mathematicians.

And now, before the approval of the new national project, we need to prepare the basis for its implementation. To determine the main areas of scientific research that we will support, leading federal organizations. To work out the issues of implementing the results in clinical practice.


To this end, last year we began to create a special subsystem of the Unified State Information System for Accounting for Civilian Research, Development and Technological Work. It will help us select the most promising developments and track their implementation.

On the President's instructions, we will amend the legislation and establish a unified methodology for calculating the license and author's remuneration for developers of breakthrough scientific and technical solutions.


Dear colleagues!

In 2025, the implementation of the Strategy for the Development of Medical Science, approved by a Government directive back in 2012, will be completed. And we need to start forming a new strategic document that will determine the directions for the development of medical science and become the basis for the implementation of the national project.

I wish you fruitful work!"





Order of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation of August 7, 2007 No. 311 "On Approval of the Strategy for the Development of the Electronic Industry of Russia for the Period up to 2025"

October 16, 2007
..
Minister V.B. Khristenko

....
In the last decade, there has been a clear trend of moving the production of microelectronic equipment to the countries of Southeast Asia, which allows the USA, Japan, and Europe to dramatically strengthen the scientific areas of search for new promising technologies (nanotechnology, microsystems engineering, bioelectronics, etc.). At the same time, the governments of developed Western countries support these key areas of science, technology and production.
...
Timeline for the implementation of the Strategy
It is planned that the Strategy will be implemented in three stages:

first phase - 2007-2011;

second stage - 2012-2015;

The third stage is 2016-2025.
...

....

The main goal of the third stage (2016-2025) of the implementation of the Strategy is to ensure the full revival of the domestic electronics industry, competitive with similar industries of developed countries, integrated with leading foreign firms.

At this stage, the main efforts should be aimed at solving the following tasks:
..

- wide introduction of the achievements of domestic nanotechnology, bioelectronics and microsystem technology in everyday human life, in the fields of healthcare, education, housing and communal services, transport and communications.
...


Forecasts for the development of electronics in the post-silicon period (after 2020) suggest the widespread introduction of nanotechnology achievements in industry.
..
During this period of time, the industry needs to be prepared for a sharp increase in the cost of technical re-equipment, since the cost of nanoequipment complexes is several times higher than the cost of traditional means of technological equipment for microelectronics.
Therefore, for the period 2016-2025, the budget should provide for at least a 3-5-fold increase in resources for the technical re-equipment of facilities for the priority development of the production of nanoelectronics products.

The introduction of nanotechnology should further expand the depth of its penetration into the daily life of the population. It is necessary to ensure the constant connection of each individual with global information and control networks such as the Internet.

Nanoelectronics will be integrated with biological objects and will provide continuous control over their life support, improve the quality of life, and thus reduce social costs of the state.

Built-in wireless nanoelectronic devices
that provide constant contact between a person and the surrounding intellectual environment will become widespread, and means of direct wireless contact of the human brain with surrounding objects, vehicles and other people will become widespread. The circulation of such products will exceed billions of pieces per year due to their ubiquity.
..
..
4. Main programme activities
..
At the third stage (2016-2025), the Strategy is supposed to be implemented within the framework of a new federal target program, which will be developed taking into account the implementation of the Federal Target Program "Development of the Electronic Component Base and Radio Electronics" and will provide:

- gaining significant positions in a number of sectors of the global market of electronic components;

- Widespread introduction of the achievements of domestic nanotechnology, bioelectronics and microsystem technology in everyday life in the fields of healthcare, education, housing and communal services, transport and communications.

..
Taking into account the high potential level of domestic science in the field of electronics,
by 2025 we can expect a significant development of international scientific and technical cooperation and a breakthrough in the field of new technologies, including nanotechnology, bioelectronics, optoelectronics, quantum computers, etc.

Minister of Industry and Energy
of the Russian Federation V.B. Khristenko
Order of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation of August 7, 2007 No. 311 "On Approval of the Strategy for the Development of the Electronic Industry of Russia for the Period up to 2025"


...
"Coincidentally, this former minister of Industry V. B. Hristenko - Viktor Borisovich Hristenko, a wealthy man and businessman, President of the Business Council of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) - who in 2007 signed a Order on the strategic development of the Russian Electronic Industry, which said that in the period 2016-2025, beginning a rapid development in 2020, "NANOELECTRONICS WILL INTEGRATE WITH BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS", is the husband of deputy prime minister Tatiana Golikova. On January 29, 2020, Tatyana Golikova headed the operational headquarters for the prevention of the "import and spread" of "covid19 coronavirus infection" in the Russian Federation. So - leading the pressure team-including mandatory vaccination in many sectors - on Russians to inject themselves with what's in the injections. (What's in them?)
..
(October 21, 2022)
Tatiana Golikova will oversee the development of genetic technologies
..
The program involves the creation of genomic research centers, the development of genetic editing technologies
..
"Since May 29, 2020, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Tatyana Golikova has been appointed a member of the Supervisory Board of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" for a period of five years."


 
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Lalas

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Ethical Aspects of Neurotechnology

22.04.2024



UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay has appointed 24 experts from all regions of the world to develop the first global standard on the ethics of neurotechnology. They will hold their first meeting in Paris from April 22 to 26. Based on the results of the experts' work, UNESCO will hold discussions with 194 Member States on the adoption of the framework by the end of 2025.

"Neurotechnology can help solve many health-related problems, but it can also compromise human rights, freedom of thought and privacy. There is an urgent need to establish a common ethical framework at the international level, as UNESCO did with artificial intelligence in 2021. Without neurolaw, there can be no neurodata."

In 2021, the report of the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee "Ethical Challenges of Neurotechnologies" refers to the threats that neurotechnologies pose to rights and fundamental freedoms, such as the integrity of the cerebral system and personal identity. According to another UNESCO report published in 2023, the pace of innovation in this area accelerated when new generative AI capabilities were integrated into neurotechnology research.

In the absence of an ethical framework, the Director-General of UNESCO invited the Organization's 194 Member States to develop the first standard-setting instrument for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms in this field. In November 2023, during the 42nd session of the UNESCO General Conference, Member States approved the launch of this initiative.


Framework proposed for adoption in November 2025
Today, this initiative is taking shape thanks to the appointment of 24 experts in the field of neurotechnology who are tasked with developing and drafting the first version of the ethical framework. The special expert group includes professionals from all regions of the world and different cultures, specializing in neuroscience, psychology, neurotechnology, artificial intelligence, brain-computer interface, ethics and bioethics.

Later in 2024, the results of the experts' work will be presented to various stakeholders at the national, sub-regional and regional levels for their comments. This will be followed by a discussion led by the UNESCO Secretariat among the Organization's 194 Member States, with a view to presenting this global ethics framework for adoption at the 43rd session of UNESCO's General Conference in November 2025.

Neurological disorders are now the leading cause of illness and disability worldwide, with the poorest regions of the planet affecting the most. The potential of neurotechnologies to help treat these diseases is very promising, but their unchecked development also poses unprecedented risks to basic human rights, such as freedom of thought and mental integrity.

Respect for human rights in the use of neurotechnologies
While the use of neurotechnology in the medical sector is governed by regulatory bioethical standards, the shift to uncontrolled commercial use of neurotechnology raises serious ethical concerns. Today, you can find headbands and ear capsules on sale that help users monitor various parameters, such as sleep patterns. These technologies also collect neural data that companies or governments can apply to create detailed profiles of people. This can lead to the misuse of information and the manipulation of people.

The ease of access to neural information has turned neural data into a commodity that is becoming increasingly popular not only in the medical sector, but also in consumer markets. Neuromarketing, the analysis of neural information to inform consumer preferences and decisions, poses a threat to mental integrity and freedom of thought, threatening democracy and guarantees of political freedom. The ethical framework to be developed by UNESCO will provide a global guarantee that the use of these technologies is consistent with human rights and fundamental freedoms.

This approach by UNESCO is one of the Organization's many initiatives in the field of science ethics: UNESCO has already spearheaded the creation of global ethical frameworks on the human genome (1997), human genetic data (2003), bioethics and human rights (2005) and artificial intelligence (2021).


Source: unesco.org
 

Lalas

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National Research University Higher School of Economics -> Research Units -> Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience -> Center for Bioelectric Interfaces
The main goal of the Center is to develop information technology for bidirectional communications using a corticographic interface in combination with modern methods of processing multidimensional data and somatosensory feedback through electrical stimulation or sensory substitution.

The project is carried out jointly with the Clinical Medical Center of the Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov and the Russian Research Institute of Neurosurgery named after A.L. Polenov, which are the clinical bases of this interdisciplinary project.

More about the Center for Bioelectric Interfaces:
About the Laboratory
The last decade has been marked by increased interest in exploring the possibility of direct communication between the brain and external devices, including another person's brain. The most accessible type of brain-computer interface uses multichannel electroencephalographic signals that non-invasively record brain activity. Despite active research in this direction, it has not been possible to achieve natural control of external devices solely on the basis of non-invasively recorded brain signals.

At the same time, animal experiments have shown that by using deep electrodes that record the activity of a large number of individual neurons, it is possible to create brain-controlled devices that replicate natural motor actions, such as grasping and moving objects and walking on two legs. Invasive BCIs can decode and plan movements over time.

The application of such technology to the creation of interfaces on humans is limited by the high risks of using needle electrodes, the complications that arise, as well as the growth of needle electrodes with connective tissue and the loss of electrical contact. A reasonable compromise is the use of subdural or epidural grids of electrodes, which make it possible to significantly increase the bandwidth of the direct communication channel with the brain with low risks to the user's health, as well as to implement somatosensory feedback through electrical stimulation.

The main goal of the Laboratory is to develop information technology for bidirectional communications using a corticographic interface in combination with modern methods of processing multidimensional data and somatosensory feedback through electrical stimulation or sensory substitution.

The project is carried out jointly with the Clinical Medical Center of the Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov and the Russian Research Institute of Neurosurgery named after A.L. Polenov, which are the clinical bases of this interdisciplinary project.

The development of the interface is based on knowledge of the functional significance of areas of the cerebral cortex. Such information can be obtained using neuromapping techniques - the development of which is another field of activity of our laboratory.

Director
Osadchiy Aleksey Evgenievich



17 May 2024

The first school of our center "Neural Interfaces of the New Generation: Methods of Bidirectional Interaction with Nervous Tissue in Real Time" has ended!

We are completely delighted with all the participants, lecturers and a little bit of ourselves!



6 May 2024

Alexey Osadchiy gave a lecture at the BCI & NEUROTECHNOLOGY SPRING SCHOOL 2024

Alexey Osadchiy spoke at the second day of the school, dedicated to advanced achievements in the field of neuromodulation, optimization of brain stimulation techniques, and presented a report on the topic: "Linking spatial and temporal resolution with hardware powered multimodal low-latency state dependent TMS".

Alexey Osadchiy gave a lecture at the BCI & NEUROTECHNOLOGY SPRING SCHOOL 2024



BCI & Neurotechnology Spring School 2024 was held from April 22 to May 1: 140 hours of intensive lectures and seminars over 10 days. The event was attended by 85 experts from 86 different institutions.

You can watch the lecture at the link:


Day 2 of the spring school delved into cutting-edge advancements in neuromodulation, covering a wide array of topics such as open-loop and closed-loop brain stimulation optimization, the development of endovascular neural interfaces, and the exploration of neural mechanisms using BCI technology. Presentations also included discussions on cortical dynamics, cross-modal information decoding, and the application of computational intelligence in investigating high-frequency oscillations for epilepsy diagnosis. Additionally, speakers highlighted innovative techniques such as ultrasound neurostimulation and brain-to-text/voice interfaces, showcasing the latest breakthroughs in the field of neurotechnology. Check out the program:
https://www.gtec.at/spring-school-2024/










g.tec medical engineering GmbH

g.tec medical engineering has been founded by Dr. Christoph Guger and Dr. Günter Edlinger in 1999 in Austria. g.tec develops and produces high-performance brain-computer interfaces and neurotechnologies for invasive and non-invasive recordings for research or clinical purposes.


OUR HISTORY IN A NUTSHELL

Christoph Guger and Günter Edlinger started developing brain-computer interfaces (BCI) about 20 years ago, after presenting the first portable BCI system in 1999 at the BCI Meeting in Rensselaerville, New York. g.tec’s products are internationally used in clinical environments or for research purposes such as the analysis of the brain, heart or muscle activity, brain assessments of severe brain injuries and disorders of consciousness, motor rehabilitation after stroke, neuromarketing, deep brain stimulation, brain mapping, neuro prosthesis control, communication, painting and closed-loop invasive and non-invasive BCI experiments.

FIND G.TEC IN YOUR COUNTRY
g.tec has it’s headquarters in Austria, Spain, USA , Canada, Japan and Hong Kong and local distributors all over the world.


FIND US IN YOUR COUNTRY:
Ferganskay Street 8
109457 Moscow
Russia


25 April 2024

Alexey Osadchiy spoke at the X All-Russian Scientific Youth School-Conference "Chemistry, Physics, Biology: Ways of Integration"

Topic of the plenary report: "Mathematical modeling in the tasks of functional neuroimaging"

The school was held on April 22-24, 2024 at the Federal Research Center of the Chemical Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Alexey Evgenievich shared his knowledge on the topic of the conference: "Mathematical and Computer Modeling in Interdisciplinary Research".

5 May 2024

The School of Brain-Computer Interfaces will be held very soon at the HSE Centre for Bioelectric Interfaces!

More than 200 people applied for the School, so the competition was more than 5 people per place!

Now the organizers will have a difficult task - to select the best applications.

As part of the school, participants will have the opportunity to get acquainted with the laboratory equipment of the Center for Bioelectric Interfaces and the Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience.

Get acquainted with the possibilities of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and virtual reality (VR). Independently analyze electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) data, learn about technical solutions in the field of neurointerfaces. The latest developments of the Center for Bioelectric Interfaces will also be presented - passive speech zone mapping technology and zero-latency neurofeedback technology.

More information about the program of the event can be found here:
Spring School

Neural Interfaces of the New Generation: Methods of Bidirectional Interaction with Nervous Tissue in Real Time
About the school

The Spring International School "Neural Interfaces of the New Generation: Methods of Bidirectional Interaction with Nervous Tissue in Real Time" is a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in the world of advanced technologies in the field of neural interfaces. The latest techniques not only provide the possibility of research, but also allow you to actively interact with nervous tissue, opening up unique prospects in the field of medical diagnostics, therapy, neurorehabilitation, information technology, as well as psychology.

Our lecturers are world-class scientists, representatives of commercial companies, practicing doctors from Russia and the world will talk about the latest scientific developments

February 26 2024

Alexey Osadchiy spoke at the Forum of Future Technologies!

On February 13–14, Moscow hosted the second Forum of Future Technologies, a key event for the presentation of advanced scientific solutions and technologies. The Forum was organized by the Roscongress Foundation with the support of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

Technological progress has led to the creation of a whole fleet of technologies aimed at the treatment and rehabilitation of neurological patients. In the last decade, neural interface technologies (brain-computer interface) have acquired serious and large-scale development.

The following issues were discussed at the forum:

Which neurotechnologies are the most promising in the present and near future?

What will the neural interface of the future look like?

Will it be possible to decode and transform brain activity into speech, thoughts, feelings?

The broadcast of the meeting dedicated to the discussion of the shape of neurotechnologies of the future, at which
Alexey Osadchiy spoke, can be viewed here:
14 February 2024

February 14, 2024
Technology / Opinions

Brainstorming: Who to Follow in the World of Neural Interfaces and What the Future Holds

Alexey Osadchiy
...
Recently, Elon Musk announced the successful implantation of the Neuralink chip he founded in the first person, and brain-computer neural interfaces entered the top 7 technologies to watch in 2024 according to the journal Nature. In a column for Forbes, Doctor of Computer Science Alexei Osadchiy, Head of the Neural Interfaces Research Group at AIRI and Director of the Center for Bioelectric Interfaces at the Higher School of Economics, discusses why scientists are trying to combine the human brain with a computer and how things are going with this technology in Russia
..

In Russia, until recently, only a few groups focused on the use of non-invasive means of reading brain activity, such as EEG (electroencephalography), were engaged in the topic of neural interfaces. However, such a compact representation of this topic does not mean that there are no breakthrough results. For example, in St. Petersburg, a method of non-invasive spinal cord stimulation was developed quite a long time ago to restore the walking function of patients. It is used by the world's leading laboratories. At the Institute for Information Transmission Problems (IITP RAS) in Moscow, peripheral interfaces using neuromuscular activity were developed back in Soviet times. A strong mathematical base allows us to actively develop methods for analyzing brain signals necessary for generating commands to actuators and generating feedback signals from the prosthesis.

Recently, including due to the significantly increased state support for science as a whole, the situation has been changing. Leading universities have quite strong teams, and commercial research organizations are also being created.
..

Who to follow in Russia and the world?

Probably the most high-profile (and I emphasize loud) player in this field is Elon Musk and his company Neuralink with the technology of implanting thin threads into the cortex, bypassing the blood vessels of the cortex. This is a purely "engineering" solution that essentially allows access to the activity of a large number of either individual neurons or very small populations. As has been shown in numerous studies conducted by other teams in animals and humans quite a long time ago, such signals are quite informative in terms of decoding motor intentions and speech. Neuralink promises to bring invasive neural interfaces "from laboratories to life."

A serious player in the technology market is Blackrock Neurotech with a new system consisting of more than 1000 electrodes. Or a minimally invasive stent electrode from Synchron, which is implanted through the jugular vein and inserted into the brain without violating the integrity of the skull. The disadvantage of this system is that such electrodes record a mixture of the activity of a very large number of neurons, which is difficult to decode.

I would like to mention the laboratory, which until recently was headed by Sliman Bensmaia in Chicago, where a graduate of the HSE Master's program in neurotechnology recently defended her Ph.D. The lab, in collaboration with the University of Pennsylvania, is creating a bidirectional motor neural interface with haptic feedback and conducting experiments with several patients. The developments of the Swiss group of Gregory Courtien, who, by the way, studied in St. Petersburg with Yuri Gerasimenko, the developer of percutaneous stimulation technology, are also interesting. A recent development of the group at Harvard is promising: supersoft electrodes, which are almost indistinguishable from the tissue of the cerebral cortex in terms of mechanical properties. The technology will be developed by the Axoft startup.

In Russia, developments in the field of neural interfaces have traditionally been carried out at the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University, at the Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology (Forbes) and at the IITP RAS.

At the HSE Centre for Bioelectric Interfaces (CBI), we were the first in Russia to implement a bidirectional motor neural interface that not only decoded signals of brain activity, but also provided sensory sensitivity. The patient, controlling the avatar of the hand, was able to collect fragile Christmas balls in a basket without damaging them. It is worth mentioning the Brain Institute in St. Petersburg and a group at Novosibirsk State University, where neurofeedback technology, which is a type of neural interface, was developed.

The HSE CBI has developed iNeurofeedback, a technology for instant neurofeedback. It allows a person to feel the activity of their own brain and learn how to control it, for example, to optimize reaction speed in athletes or as a means of combating a number of neurological disorders, such as hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit disorder, epilepsy, depression, etc. At AIRI, we are developing new mathematical methods to improve the effectiveness of iNeurofeedback. We are moving towards creating technologies for the formation of interactive contact with nervous tissue.

The new LIFT (Life improvement by future technologies) center is developing the technology of direct contact with synapses as the basis of new generation neural interfaces, as well as methods for the recovery of patients with spinal injuries. On the materials science front, MISIS is actively working on the creation of graphene electrodes for reading brain activity and for neuromyographic interfaces.
 
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Lalas

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5G networks in Russia will be deployed in the largest cities in the next six years using serial equipment of domestic production, follows from the presentation of the head of the Ministry of Digital Development, Maksut Shadaev.
...
One hundred percent creation of 5G infrastructure in Russian megacities (with a population of more than 1 million people) is planned by 2028, and in cities with a population of more than 500,000 people by 2030. This task will be carried out "within the framework of licensing requirements" with the condition of using "equipment only of Russian serial production." This is stated in the presentation of the head of the Ministry of Digital Development, Maksut Shadaev, prepared for the meeting of the working group of the State Council on the digital economy, held on April 26. The presentation was published on the same day by the Telegram channel of the Digital Transformation Laboratory, which cooperates with the Ministry of Digital Development.

Skolkovo resident bakes bread from flies

08.05.2024
Ilyas Levashov Agroexpert, vetandlife.ru

The Biolaboratory company used protein from the larva of the black soldier fly when baking bread, according to the Skolkovo Foundation.
As a result of the experiment, the Skolkovo resident company found that a couple of grams of protein from a fat-free insect per kilogram of flour doubles the maturation process of yeast and yeast-free dough. In addition, with such an additive, an uncut loaf does not deteriorate and does not get stale for 5-7 days.

Biolaboratory also released a pilot batch of preserves with black soldier fly.

It is noted that the results of the company's studies confirmed the absolute safety of entoprotein for humans and the presence of several groups of natural antibiotics.

"The lipid of the larva of the black soldier fly is able to effectively cope with various infections, helps with ARVI diseases, and also quickly heals wounds and abrasions," the Skolkovo Foundation said in a statement.

The breeding of the black soldier fly received the status of agricultural production in 2023. It has already been recognized as an effective supplement or partial replacement for fish meal in animal feed.

A plant for the production of animal protein and protein-lipid concentrate from the larvae of this fly will be built in the Central Federal District.

It is assumed that the new enterprise will produce 3 thousand tons of animal protein (protein meal) and 900 thousand tons of protein-lipid concentrate (feed additive with digestibility up to 98%) per year.

"It's normal and healthy": Skolkovo learned to bake bread from flies

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In Russia, the market for insect-based products has not yet been formed, and there is a need to overcome the psychological resistance of consumers, according to Gennady Ivanov, director of Biolaboratory. He spoke about the gradual adaptation of society to the idea of consuming such products, noting that a personal perception of positive changes in health will allow society to be more relaxed about the use of insects in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

"Getting used to the idea that this (eating insects) is normal and even useful should go gradually," said Gennady Ivanov, general director of Biolaboratory, about the "scientific breakthrough".

The government of the Russian Federation in October 2023 officially classified the breeding of the black soldier fly as an agricultural sector. At the Innofood 2022 forum, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Industry and Trade Denis Manturov spoke about the need to change public consciousness regarding alternative food sources and stressed the importance of supporting the development of such production in the country. He urged citizens to open up to new products, for example, based on fly larvae.

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Gennady Ivanov, founder of Biolaboratory, said that in the near future the protein created from fat-free insects will be certified and will be widely distributed on the market. However, he admitted that in Russia, the market for products based on insect protein has not yet been formed, and the technology may cause hostility among citizens.

"When people feel the effect of this fly at the household level, notice that they have become sick less often, they will be much calmer about perceiving insects as part of medicines and food," the head of the Biolaboratory concluded.

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Another development from Biolaboratory was preserves with the addition of a soldier fly, a trial batch has already arrived at the first customers. Thanks to the larval fat in the composition, you can extend the shelf life of various products for several months - it works as a preservative.


Achievements of the Russian Federation
13 May 2024

Skoltech Studies Regulation of Nerve Cells



Russian scientists have managed to find differences in the structure of the three-dimensional "packing" of DNA in the nuclei of various brain cells. For the study, employees of Skoltech and Moscow State University combined their efforts.

In the experiment, the scientists used tissue samples that had been previously extracted from the superior temporal gyrus. As research has shown, the "packaging" of the DNA of different cells in this part of the brain has differences that depend on the functions of each cell.

It is worth noting that understanding the principle of gene activity in various cells helps to understand the causes of various congenital diseases and the development of cancer, in the future this will help to develop new effective methods of combating these diseases.

Understanding the order of DNA strands in the cell nucleus helps to "turn on" or "turn off" the necessary genes at different stages of cell development. Different neurons require the use of different genetic programs, which can be affected by the correct "packaging" of DNA. In the presence of problems with genes, this "packaging" is disrupted.

As one of the authors of the study, Ilya Pletenev, noted, by determining the differences in the structure of DNA, it was possible to determine that different genes are grouped depending on their relationship to the same group, regardless of their location in the straightened DNA strand.



Skolkovo
Cyborgs and Technologies of the Future Today — Interview with Motorica CEO Andrey Davidyuk

April 18, 2024

A few years ago, Andrey Davidyuk abruptly changed his career - he decided to leave the post of CEO in a large company with annual revenue of $200 million and became interested in several startups. One of them is Motorica.

"I thought that ten children would receive a prosthesis, and their lives would change. Even if the project is closed later, it will be useful. When there were 200-300 such children, I realized that it could be a business, stopped all other activities and began to gradually immerse myself in the operating system."

Now Andrey is the CEO and co-owner of Motorica, the company is one of the top 10 in the global prosthetics market, improves the lives of a huge number of people, conducts advanced research with Skoltech, FEFU, Samara State Medical University and other leading universities.



NEW DEVELOPMENTS

Invasive neurostimulation

Introduction
Invasive neurostimulation, a subgroup of neuromodulation, involves the use of devices that directly stimulate the nervous system through surgical implantation. These technologies have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
..
Conclusion
Invasive neurostimulation has tremendous potential to improve the quality of life of people with a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. As research and development of these technologies advances, they will certainly play an increasingly important role in healthcare.

 
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