The Law (the first five books of the Bible)
: ~3500 years ago (~1500 B.C.), given in writing to Moses at Mt. Horeb in Sinai
Bhagavad Gita: anywhere from 1000-1400 years
AFTER the Biblical Law was given to Moses and the Israelites, according to most scholars.
from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita
Date
Theories on the date of the composition of the Gita vary considerably. Some scholars accept dates from the 5th century BCE to the 2nd century BCE as the probable range, the latter likely. The Hinduism scholar Jeaneane Fowler, in her commentary on the Gita, considers second century BCE to be the probable date of composition.
[23] J. A. B. van Buitenen also states that the Gita was likely composed about 200 BCE.
[24] According to the Indologist
Arvind Sharma, the Gita is generally accepted to be a 2nd-century-BCE text.
[25]
A manuscript illustration of the battle of Kurukshetra, fought between the Kauravas and the Pandavas, recorded in the
Mahabharata.
Kashi Nath Upadhyaya, in contrast, dates it a bit earlier. He states that the Gita was always a part of the
Mahabharata, and dating the latter suffices in dating the Gita.
[26] On the basis of the estimated dates of
Mahabharata as evidenced by exact quotes of it in the Buddhist literature by
Asvaghosa (c. 100 CE), Upadhyaya states that the
Mahabharata, and therefore the Gita, must have been well known by then for a Buddhist to be quoting it.
[26][note 3] This suggests a
terminus ante quem (latest date) of the Gita to be sometime prior to the 1st century CE.
[26] He cites similar quotes in the dharmasutra texts, the
Brahma sutras, and other literature to conclude that the Bhagavad Gita was composed in the fifth or fourth century BCE.
[28][note 4] According to Arthur Basham, the context of the Bhagavad Gita suggests that it was composed in an era when the
ethics of war were being questioned and renunciation to monastic life was becoming popular.
[30] Such an era emerged after the rise of
Buddhism and
Jainism in the 5th century BCE, and particularly after the semi-legendary life of
Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE. Thus, the first version of the Bhagavad Gita may have been composed in or after the 3rd century BCE.
[30]