Great question. The Bible doesn't forbid drinking wine or strong drink. It says don't get drunk or cause another to stumble. Jesus Himself drank wine.
Luke 7:33 “For John the Baptist has come eating no bread and drinking no wine; and you say, ‘He has a demon!” 34 The Son of Man has come eating and drinking; and you say, ‘Behold, a gluttonous man, and a drunkard, a friend of tax-gatherers and sinners!”
Titus 1:7 Since an overseer is entrusted with God’s work, he must be blameless – not overbearing, not quick-tempered, not given to drunkenness,
Titus 2:3 Likewise, teach the older women to be reverent in the way they live, not to be slanderers or addicted to much wine.
Num 6:20 After that, the Nazirite may drink wine.
1 Tim 5:23 Stop drinking only water, and use a little wine because of your stomach and your frequent illnesses.
Ps 104:14 He makes grass grow for the cattle, and the plans for man to cultivate – bringing forth food from the earth: 15 wine that gladdens the heart of man…
Rom 14:20 Do not tear down the work of God for the sake of food. All things indeed are clean, but they are evil for the man who eats and gives offense. 21 It is good not to eat meat or to drink wine, or to do anything by which your brother stumbles.
Pro 23:20 Do not join those who drink too much wine or gorge themselves on meat, 21 for drunkards and gluttons become poor, and drowsiness clothes them in rags.
Biblical wine is definitely alcoholic, otherwise these passages would not exist. The Bible even defines wine vs. grape juice - they were not considered the same thing:
Num 6:1 The Lord said to Moses, “2 Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘If a man or woman wants to make a special vow of separation to the Lord as a Nazirite, 3 he must abstain from wine and other fermented drink and must not drink vinegar made from wine or other fermented drink. He must not drink grape juice or eat grapes or raisins.
Gen 9:21 He drank of the wine and became drunk...
Eph 5:18 And do not get drunk with wine, which leads to debauchery. Instead, be filled with the Spirit.
1 Sam 1:13 Eli thought she was drunk 14 And said to her, “How long will you keep on getting drunk? Get rid of your wine.”
It's a simple issue, really. If someone has a problem with alcohol, don't drink. If someone might cause another to stumble by drinking alcohol, don't drink. If someone understands that God created wine, that Jesus turned water into wine for the enjoyment of the wedding guests, and understands what drinking responsibly means - bottoms up!
There are passages of Scripture that at first glance might lead a person to think drinking a little fermented wine in moderation might be biblically condoned. It is not. The Bible has nothing positive to say about alcohol. We are not supposed to drink it at all even in small quantities biblically.
Two Types of Wine—Biblically Speaking
The word
“wine” in the Bible sometimes refers to the new—or fresh juice of the grape; other times it is used to describe the aged or fermented product containing the drug alcohol. The translators never used the term
“grape juice.” In the Hebrew text, the writers use different words to distinguish between the two. The word
tîyrôsh is used for new unfermented wine, and yayin is generally used for fermented wine, but there were some exceptions (
Isaiah 16:10). However, in the New Testament, only one Greek word is used to describe both fermented and fresh grape juice:
oinis . But this shouldn’t be a problem. By simply understanding the context of the word in a passage, the appropriate meaning will usually surface. So unless the passage says old or new wine (as in
Luke 5:37-39), the context will often tell us what kind of grape juice is being described.
One simple example occurs in
Mark 2:22:
“And no one puts new wine into old wineskins; or else the new wine bursts the wineskins, the wine is spilled, and the wineskins are ruined. But new wine must be put into new wineskins.” Obviously the new wine would be the fresh unfermented kind.
Additionally, from the Old Testament, in
Isaiah 65:8, we read,
“As the new wine is found in the cluster, And one says, ‘Do not destroy it, For a blessing is in it…’” It is clear in both these passages that the new wine is simply grape juice.
Confusing Verses Clarified
The whole of Scripture is clearly and adamantly against the consumption of alcohol, but human nature will look upon any textual ambiguity as a
“loophole” to justify drinking alcohol.
An example of this reasoning is the wedding in Cana, where Jesus turned water into wine.
“When the master of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine, and did not know where it came from (but the servants who had drawn the water knew), the master of the feast called the bridegroom. And he said to him, ‘Every man at the beginning sets out the good wine, and when the guests have well drunk, then the inferior. You have kept the good wine until now!’” (
John 2:9-10). Those who support the intake of alcohol suggest this must have been alcoholic wine—after all, it was a wedding, and every wedding has wine—right? But let’s pause to consider the implications. There were six pots for Jesus to fill, and each of those would hold 20 to 30 gallons. That’s up to 180 gallons of beverage!
Are we to believe that Jesus made 180 gallons of a destructive drug—enough to get every guest drunk and launch this new marriage with slurring lips and staggering feet? Indeed, He would have been acting against His own Word! (
Habakkuk 2:15; Luke 12:46; Ephesians 5:18). If we approach this passage relying on the whole of Scripture, we must surely come to the conclusion that Jesus made unfermented wine—and the governor of the feast complimented the groom on its pure quality. (
John 2:4, 6, 10, Mark 1:24, 2 Samuel 16:10).
Was Jesus a Drunkard?
Pharisees frequently accused Jesus of being a winebibber, drunkard and glutton. They also said He had a devil and blasphemed God, among other things. We know He wasn’t a glutton or demon-possessed blasphemer! So if these things are not true, why should we assume that our Lord was a drinker as indicated by the Pharisees, a group of Jesus’ most-outward adversaries well known for their questionable theology?
They were merely contrasting His lifestyle with the austerity of John the Baptist, a practicing Nazarite, who abstained from anything of the vine and ate locusts and wild honey (
Numbers 6:3; Luke 7:33–34, 1:15; John 8:48–52; Mark 2:7; Matthew 3:4).
When Jesus hung parched on the cross, Roman soldiers offered him fermented wine mingled with myrrh. But as soon as Jesus tasted it and recognized it was fermented, He refused it. If Jesus refused this beverage even as His body was tormented with extraordinary thirst, why would He have drank wine normally (
Matthew 27:34)? (And more to the point, why then should we?)
Alcohol: The Bible Hall of Shame
The first reference to wine is found in Genesis when Noah, after the flood, created the original fermented grape juice.
“Then he drank of the wine and was drunk, and became uncovered in his tent” (
Genesis 9:21). The sad record is that Noah drank and stumbled around naked and shamefully exposed himself to his sons. This first experiment with a new drug ended with a scathing curse falling on Noah’s posterity.
Lot also drank, and he was therefore easily seduced into having incestuous relations with his daughters.
“So they made their father drink wine that night. And the firstborn went in and lay with her father, and he did not know when she lay down or when she arose” (
Genesis 19:33). The offspring of this relationship became the nations of Moab and Ammon, the mortal enemies of God’s people. And there is no shortage of evidence today that alcohol often leads to sexual immorality—such as adultery, r*pe, and incest.
Then there is the infamous experience when the children of Israel drank alcohol, stripped themselves naked and worshiped a golden calf (
Exodus 32:6, 25). This fermented “church social” ended in a horrible massacre.
Amnon, another drinker and the son of David, raped his half-sister Tamar. Because of this incestuous act, he lost his life at the hands of his enraged brother while intoxicated (
2 Samuel 13:28).
These are only a few examples. For more about the terrible repercussions involving alcohol in the Bible, look at
2 Samuel 13:28, Job 1:13–19. Truly, when one considers the Biblical record of fermented drink, you have to wonder why would any genuine Christian argue in its defense!
Fermented Wine Brings Woe
The word
“woe” is not used commonly today in the English vernacular. The word means deep distress or misery—as from grief and/or wretchedness. The Bible is found using the word in many different places; not surprisingly, the use of alcohol is often the reason why the word is used!
- “Woe to those who rise early in the morning, That they may follow intoxicating drink; Who continue until night, till wine inflames them!” (Isaiah 5:11).
- “Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has contentions? Who hath complaints? Who has wounds without cause? Who has redness of eyes? Those who linger long at the wine, Those who go in search of mixed wine.” (Proverbs 23:29-30).
- “Woe to him who gives drink to his neighbor, Pressing him to your bottle, Even to make him drunk, That you may look on his nakedness!” (Habakkuk 2:15).
Does the Christian need any more condemnation of alcohol consumption than this? A very safe and simple rule for these issues is:
“When in doubt, leave it out!”
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